THE IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN MODERN MEDICINE: CLINICAL INDICATIONS, PROCEDURAL PROTOCOLS, AND ADVERSE COMPLICATIONS
Keywords:
Blood Transfusion, Hemocomponents, ABO Compatibility, Transfusion Reactions, Patient Safety, Hematology.Abstract
Blood transfusion stands as one of the most critical, life-saving therapeutic interventions in modern medical practice, spanning crucial fields such as emergency surgery, trauma care, oncology, and severe hematological disorders. This article provides an in-depth scientific review of transfusion medicine, meticulously outlining its historical milestones, the biochemical foundations of the ABO and Rhesus blood group systems, clinical indications for specific hemocomponent therapies, and potential pathophysiological complications. Additionally, the paper emphasizes current pre-transfusion safety protocols and the global transition toward Patient Blood Management (PBM) strategies designed to enhance clinical outcomes and minimize immunological and infectious hazards. This comprehensive analysis serves as a comprehensive educational and clinical framework for students and healthcare practitioners at Samarkand State Medical University.